Blockchain-Enabled Secure Digital Twin Framework for Supply Chain Traceability in Industry 5.0
Abstract
Industry 5.0 emphasizes human-centric, resilient, and sustainable manufacturing systems supported by intelligent digital technologies. Despite advances in digital twins, ensuring secure and transparent supply chain traceability remains a significant challenge due to data tampering and limited interoperability. This paper proposes a blockchain-enabled digital twin architecture that integrates Internet of Things (IoT) devices, edge computing, and permissioned blockchain technology to establish immutable product lifecycle records. Smart contracts automate product verification, quality assurance, and logistics tracking, while digital twins provide real-time virtual representations of physical assets throughout the supply chain. Performance evaluation demonstrates improvements in traceability accuracy, transaction integrity, operational transparency, and system resilience compared with conventional centralized supply chain solutions. The proposed framework offers a scalable architecture suitable for Industry 5.0 manufacturing ecosystems requiring secure, transparent, and intelligent supply chain management.
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